Ukuphucula Uburhabaxa Bomphezulu Wesinyithi: Izinto Eziphambili Neendlela Zokwenza Izinto Ezisemgangathweni Ophezulu

Uburhabaxa bomphezulu yenye yezona mpawu zibalulekileyo zomgangatho ekubunjweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwesinyithi. Buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo inkangeleko, ukumelana nokuguguleka, amandla okutywina, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukunamathela kwengubo, kunye nobomi bokudinwa kwenxalenye. Umphezulu ogudileyo udla ngokunciphisa isidingo soomatshini abaninzi, unciphisa iindleko zemveliso, kwaye uphucula ukusebenza kwemveliso iyonke. Kwiindawo ezisungula izinto ezivelisa izinto zamashishini afana neevalvu, imigodi, ulwandle, amandla omoya, izixhobo zokwakha, kunye noomatshini besamente, ukuphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu kubalulekile ekufezekiseni ulwaneliseko oluphezulu lwabathengi kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwemveliso.

Inyathelo lokuqala lokuphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu liqala ngenkqubo yokubumba ngokwayo. Umgangatho wepateni udlala indima ebalulekileyo kuba yonke into engagqibelelanga kwipateni iphinda iveliswe kumphezulu wokubumba. Iipateni zesinyithi ezenziwe ngomatshini ochanekileyo zihlala zivelisa uburhabaxa obuthambileyo kuneepateni zomthi ezigugileyo. Okubaluleke ngokufanayo kukukhetha isanti yokubumba. Isanti ye-silica enezikhonkwane ezincinci okanye isanti egqunyiweyo inika umphezulu wokubumba oxineneyo kunesanti erhabaxa, nto leyo ebangela ukuba uburhabaxa bube buthathaka. Ukugcina umswakama wesanti ofanelekileyo, umxholo wokubopha, kunye nobuncinci kukwathintela iziphene zomphezulu ezifana nokutsha, ukufakwa kwesanti, kunye nokungena kwesinyithi.

Iiparameter zokugalela zezinye izinto eziphambili. Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bokugalela bunokunyusa ukungena kwesinyithi kwisikhunta sesanti, nto leyo ebangela umphezulu orhabaxa emva kokushukuma. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, ukugalela kubushushu obuphantsi kakhulu kunokubangela ukuvalwa okubandayo kunye nokungaqhubi kakuhle. Ke ngoko, ukukhetha ubushushu bokugalela obufanelekileyo ngokwe-alloy kunye ne-casting geometry kubalulekile. Isantya sokugalela esizinzileyo kunye nenkqubo yokugada eyilwe kakuhle ikwanciphisa ukuxinana, inciphise ukukhukuliseka kwesanti kunye nokwakheka kwe-oxide okunokonakalisa umgangatho womphezulu.

Ukukhetha inkqubo yokuphosa kuchaphazela kakhulu ukugqitywa komphezulu okunokufikelelwa. Ukuphosa utyalo-mali ngokubanzi kubonelela ngendawo egudileyo, kudla ngokufikelela kumaxabiso eRa phakathi kwe-3.2 kunye ne-6.3 μm. Ukubumba igobolondo kunye nokuphosa ifoam elahlekileyo nako kuvelisa ukugqitywa okuhle kakhulu kwezinto ezichanekileyo. Ukuphosa isanti eluhlaza okuqhelekileyo, nangona kungabizi kakhulu, kudla ngokuphumela kwiindawo ezirhabaxa ngaphandle kokuba ulawulo oluqinileyo lwenkqubo lugcinwa. Ukukhetha inkqubo efanelekileyo kufuneka kulungelelanise iimfuno zomgangatho, ubungakanani bemveliso, ubungakanani benxalenye, kunye neendleko zokuvelisa.

Imisebenzi emva kokwenza i-cast iphucula umgangatho womphezulu. Ukuqhumisa nge-shot kususa isanti enamatheleyo kunye ne-scale ngelixa kuvelisa inkangeleko efanayo. Ukusila kususa imigca yokuhlukana, amanqaku okuphakama, kunye neziphene zasekuhlaleni. Ukusika ngekhemikhali kususa iileya ze-oxide kwi-stainless steel castings, kutyhila iziphene ezifihlakeleyo ngaphambi kokwenza i-machining. Kwizicelo ezibalulekileyo, imisebenzi yokwenza i-machining efana nokugaya, ukujika, okanye ukugaya inokufikelela kumaxabiso aphantsi kakhulu okurhabaxa komphezulu afunekayo ekuvaleni ubuso, kwiindawo zokubeka iibheringi, kunye nokudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ulawulo lwenkqubo kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zibaluleke ngokulinganayo. Iinkuni ezigugileyo, izixhobo ezonakeleyo, amaqondo obushushu esitovu angaguqukiyo, kunye nezixhobo zokuqhumisa ezingagcinwanga kakuhle zonke zinegalelo ekugqityweni komphezulu okungaguqukiyo. Ukusebenzisa ulawulo lwenkqubo yezibalo, ukulinganiswa kwezixhobo rhoqo, kunye neenkqubo zokusebenza ezisemgangathweni kunceda ukugcina umgangatho wemveliso ohambelanayo. Ukongeza, ukukhetha izinto eziluhlaza ezicocekileyo kakhulu kunye nokunciphisa ukufakwa kwe-slag kunciphisa iziphene zomphezulu ngaphambi kokuba zenzeke.

Ukuqukumbela, ukuphucula uburhabaxa bomphezulu wesinyithi kufuna ukwenziwa ngcono kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuvelisa kunokuxhomekeka kumsebenzi omnye. Ukususela kwiipateni ezisemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nezixhobo zokubumba ukuya ekugaleleni okulawulwayo, iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokubumba, ukucoca okusebenzayo, kunye nokulungisa ngokuchanekileyo, inqanaba ngalinye linegalelo ekugqityweni komphezulu wokugqibela. Ngokuqhubeka nokuphucula ezi nkqubo, ii-foundries zinokuvelisa ukubumba okunembonakalo ephezulu, ukusebenza okuphuculweyo koomatshini, iindleko zokulungisa ezincitshisiweyo, kunye nokukhuphisana okukhulu kumashishini ehlabathi afuna imali eninzi.